The basic structure of automated guided vehicles (AGVs)

THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF AGVs

1. Frame
2. Indicator
3. Control Box
4. Motor
5. Battery
6. Buffer Sensor
7. Magnetic Strip Guidance Sensor
8. Power/Run Switch, Emergency Stop Switch, Speaker
9. Obstacle Sensor

• Frame: AGVs are typically built with a robust frame made from materials such as alloy steel, aluminum, or composites, which protect internal components and ensure stability during movement.

• Indicator: This is the most common form of signaling on AGVs. LED lights can be used to indicate various statuses:

  • Green light: Indicates normal operation of the AGV.
  • Red light: Indicates a fault or the need for intervention from the operator.
  • Yellow or other colors: Used to indicate other statuses such as waiting for commands, charging the battery, or in motion.

• Control Box: The central control box of the AGV is pre-programmed to independently control the AGV, ensuring smooth handling and operation of goods. It also allows the AGV to operate under the management of a predetermined control center.

• Motor: This is considered the most important component of the AGV. Depending on the payload requirements, the AGV may be equipped with 1-2 drivers and working motors. This directly affects power, battery capacity, and motor voltage of the AGV.

• Battery: AGVs use various types of batteries such as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4), dry cell batteries, etc.

• Buffer Sensor: Buffer sensors are used to detect and react when the AGV collides with objects. When an AGV collides with an object, this sensor detects the collision and sends control signals to stop or change direction.

• Magnetic Strip Guidance Sensor: This sensor operates based on the principle of proximity sensors, detecting and responding to magnetic guidance strips on the floor. As the AGV moves, this sensor detects the magnetic strips and guides the AGV accordingly.

• Power/Run Switch, Emergency Stop Switch, Speaker:

  • The Power/Run Switch is used to turn the power supply on/off and control the operating mode of the AGV.
  • The Emergency Stop Switch is designed to immediately halt all AGV operations in case of emergencies or hazardous situations.
  • The Speaker emits audible signals such as warnings or status notifications from the AGV.

• Obstacle Sensor: Used to detect and avoid obstacles, people, or other hazards during AGV movement. This technology is crucial for ensuring safety and accident prevention in industrial and service environments.

All of these components together ensure that AGVs operate safely and efficiently in industrial and service environments. They provide control mechanisms and safeguards to minimize the risk of accidents and damage.